Research & Publications
Evaluation of patient experience for a computationally-guided intranasal spray protocol to augment therapeutic penetration
This study emphasizes the need for reproducible and user-friendly intranasal drug delivery modalities that are effective in targeting the ineffective airway regions and promote compliance for the management of respiratory conditions including COVID-19
A Pathophysiological Perspective on COVID-19's Lethal Complication: From Viremia to Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis-like Immune Dysregulation
The article proposes a theory that SARS-CoV-2 can trigger an immune reaction resembling hypersensitivity pneumonitis, especially in genetically vulnerable individuals and those with immune dysregulation, and suggests the need for early treatment to address the disease before immune dysregulation leads to uncontrolled pulmonary inflammation
Intranasal Chlorpheniramine Maleate for the treatment of COVID-19: Translational and Clinical Evidence
This study explores the feasibility and efficacy of using an intranasally administered Chlorpheniramine Maleate spray as a treatment for COVID-19 through the nasal cavity, which is the portal of entry for the virus
Effective Nasal Disinfection as an Overlooked Strategy in Our Fight against COVID-19
The article discusses the potential of nasal disinfection and hygiene in controlling the spread of COVID-19, alongside measures such as handwashing, masks, and social distancing. Strongly recommending appropriate clinical trials
A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial to Test the Efficacy of Intranasal Chlorpheniramine Maleate for the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis
This study aimed to test the efficacy of intranasal chlorpheniramine maleate plus l (CPM) nasal for the treatment of allergic rhinitis in an outpatient setting, and the results suggest that nasal CPM use effectively improves AR symptomsThis study aimed to test the efficacy of intranasal chlorpheniramine maleate plus l (CPM) nasal for the treatment of allergic rhinitis in an outpatient setting, and the results suggest that nasal CPM use effectively improves AR symptoms
Chlorpheniramine Maleate Nasal Spray In COVID-19 Patients: Case Series
This study suggests that utilizing chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) nasal spray as an adjunct treatment to COVID-19 patients could potentially reduce their clinical course and hasten their time to negativization via RT-PCR via nasopharyngeal swab, as it has shown to be safe and effective against various strains of influenza A/B
Intranasal therapy and COVID-19: A comprehensive literature review
This review explores the potential effectiveness of intranasal administration of agents with antiviral properties, as a novel strategy for decreasing viral activity in the nasal pathway and preventing transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses
In Vitro Virucidal Effect of Intranasally Delivered Chlorpheniramine Maleate Compound Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
The article highlights the similarities between COVID-19 and other respiratory viruses, and proposes that Chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM), a safe and effective antihistamine with broad antiviral activity, could potentially be used as antiviral nasal spray for the treatment of COVID-19
Intranasal Chlorpheniramine for Early Symptomatic Treatment of COVID-19 and the Impact on Long-COVID
This study highlights intranasal chlorpheniramine (iCPM) as a promising host-directed therapy for both acute COVID-19 and long COVID symptoms like fatigue, brain fog, and loss of smell. Its dual action—blocking H1 receptors and activating mucosal immunity through bitter taste receptors (T2R)—offers a local, affordable approach to support viral control, reduce inflammation, and promote faster recovery.
Chlorpheniramine Maleate Displaying Multiple
Modes of Antiviral Action Against SARS-CoV-2:
An Initial Mechanistic Study
Chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) showed antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, blocking viral entry, replication, and directly inactivating the virus. Its interactions with key viral proteins suggest CPM may be a multitarget antiviral, warranting further in vivo studies.
Mitigating the risks of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) with intranasal chlorpheniramine: perspectives from the ACCROS studies
This prospective survey study included 259 participants in ACROSS I and III RCTs. We compared the effect of iCPM versus placebo on the reduction of PASC symptoms. A PASC questionnaire containing 17 questions regarding the most common PASC symptoms was used in this study...
Intranasal Chlorpheniramine for Early Symptomatic Treatment of COVID-19 and the Impact on Long-COVID
This review highlights the therapeutic potential of intranasal chlorpheniramine maleate (iCPM) for both acute and Long COVID. Acting as an H1 receptor antagonist and T2R activator, iCPM shows antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects, enhances mucosal immunity, and reduces viral replication. It helps manage acute symptoms and may relieve persistent issues like fatigue and brain fog in Long COVID. Its dual-action and targeted delivery make it a promising treatment, with further research needed through clinical trials.
Mitigating the risks of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) with intranasal chlorpheniramine: perspectives from the ACCROS studies
This prospective survey study included 259 participants in ACROSS I and III RCTs. We compared the effect of iCPM versus placebo on the reduction of PASC symptoms. A PASC questionnaire containing 17 questions regarding the most common PASC symptoms was used in this study...
Whole-Genome Deep Sequencing of the Healthy Adult Nasal Microbiome
This study aimed to determine shifts in microbial populations regarding richness and diversity from the daily use of a popular over-the-counter nasal spray. In addition, the finding of nasal commensal bacterial species that overlap with the oral microbiome may prove to be potential probiotics for the "gateway microbiomes".
Implementing oxygen saturation-based criteria for discontinuation of long-term oxygen therapy in nursing home residents with chronic respiratory disease
This study found that nursing home residents with chronic respiratory disease and oxygen saturation above 92% could safely discontinue long-term oxygen therapy. No patients needed oxygen again or were readmitted within four weeks. The results suggest >92% saturation may be a useful guideline, though larger studies are needed to confirm.
Intranasal Chlorpheniramine for Early Symptomatic Treatment of COVID-19 and the Impact on Long-COVID
This review highlights intranasal chlorpheniramine maleate (iCPM) as a promising treatment for acute and Long COVID, combining antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immune-enhancing effects. Its dual action on H1 and T2R receptors may reduce symptoms and viral replication, though clinical trials are needed to confirm its efficacy.
In Vitro Virucidal Effect of Intranasally Delivered Chlorpheniramine Maleate Compound Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
This study showed that a nasal spray containing chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2 viral load by 99.7% in vitro after 25 minutes. Given CPM’s broad antiviral activity, these findings support its potential use against COVID-19 and justify further clinical trials.